Bad breath is an extremely embarrassing problem that detracts from a person's confidence. This condition can be a temporary or chronic problem. Regardless of how severe it is, there are important facts you should know, as well as treatments available, that can eliminate bad breath.

How Bad Breath Occurs

Bad breath occurs when sulfur compounds are produced in the body and released into the air. The most common source of this sulfur is anaerobic (without oxygen) bacteria that live in the grooves or fibers at the back of the tongue. These bacteria produce the sulfur that gives off an unpleasant smell. This frequently occurs when the mouth is dry because it creates an ideal environment for anaerobic bacteria to thrive. Sulfur compounds are also produced when certain types of food are consumed. They make their way into the bloodstream and then to the lungs where it is excreted into the air we exhale.

Causes of Bad Breath

Bad breath is caused by many factors. Normally, saliva helps wash away the natural buildup of bacteria in the mouth and on the tongue. Yet, when saliva sits on the back of the tongue and is digested by bacteria, it shows up as a white film on the tongue. This is a major source of bad breath. Bad breath is also caused by postnasal drip, a condition where the back of the tongue and throat accumulate high amounts of protein, which bacteria thrive on. Foods that are high in protein or acidity also cause bad breath; foods such as fish, milk and cheese, or coffee. Dieting or fasting, which involve a low intake of calories, causes bad breath by reducing the saliva in the mouth. Contrary to popular belief, the stomach does not cause bad breath.

More Serious Causes

More persistent problems with unpleasant breath can indicate diseases such as diabetes, liver dysfunction, pulmonary disease, and respiratory disease. Periodontal pockets, the spaces that form between the teeth and gums, are another source of bad breath. These pockets, which occur in the latter stage of periodontal disease, create spaces for bacteria to grow, and give off a chronic unpleasant odor. Dental work may be required in order to remove these pockets of bacteria. Periodontal disease is detected by the presence of bleeding gums, loose teeth, receding gums, or pain when chewing.

Prevention

Proper oral hygiene eliminates many cases of bad breath. Daily brushing and flossing removes the plaque and bacteria that often cause bad breath. While brushing, take special care to thoroughly brush the back of the tongue where bacteria normally collects. Mints and mouthwashes can hide bad breath, but do not eliminate this condition. Avoid foods that have powerful odors and drink lots of water to insure that the mouth is cleansed and full of oxygen (an environment in which bacteria do not thrive). For information on current treatments, contact a dentist in your area regarding current products on the market that can eliminate bad breath.

Supplements

This regimen of supplements has been shown to actively promote well-being during extensive dental treatment only and speed removal of toxins following removal of mercury containing amalgam fillings


1. Glutathione - 50milligrams 3 times per day
2. N - acetyl - L - Cysteine (NAC) 250mg 2 times per day
3. Methionine - 1000 milligrams per day divided into 2 or 3 doses
4. Vitamin B6 - 50 milligrams per day
5. Vitamin C - 500 milligrams 3 times per day
6. Zinc - 15-30 milligrams per day
7. Magnesium - 200 milligrams per day
8. Selenium - 50 micrograms per day
9. Garlic

Since the 1950s, dental sealants have served as an effective and preventative measure to help insure the sound structure of teeth. Sealants (a thin plastic material) provide a physical barrier between the grooved surfaces on the teeth and the bacteria that attack and cause cavities. Sealants differ from fluoride in that fluoride strengthens and remineralizes the smooth surfaces of teeth, while sealants protect the grooved exterior. Because they do not involve drilling or resculpting of the original structure of the tooth, dental sealants are a popular and painless alternative to these more involved procedures. Dental sealants save time and money by eliminating the need for future fillings and dental visits.

The Process

The dentist or dental assistant thoroughly cleans the teeth to be sealed with special toothpaste. In order to allow the sealant to bond to the tooth, a solution is applied that etches the grooves of the teeth. The solution is thoroughly wiped from the tooth. The dentist then applies the sealant by "painting" it into the grooves of the mouth. After approximately one minute, the sealant dries and forms a protective bonding with the tooth.

Effectiveness of Dental Sealants

Sealants are most effective in teeth that have recently erupted through the gumline and have not yet been exposed to decay. Children between the ages of 5 and 15 are typically the best candidates since their permanent teeth are growing into their mouths. Teeth that are marked by deep grooves or curves are less receptive to the bonding material. Dental sealants are typically not visible except at close range. On average, they are effective for five to ten years, at which time they may need to be reapplied.

Dental X-rays are used to detect disease under restorations, between teeth and in the Jaw bone.

We do not take x-rays unnecessarily. Before deciding to take x-rays, we usually assess the value of the information that the x-ray will yield.

Dental Clinique has made a significant investment to incorporate Digital X-rays for both small x-rays and the whole mouth scan.

What are digital x-rays?

Digital X-rays are the latest technology to be encompassed into Dentistry and Medicine.

How does it work?

The X-Ray film is replaced with a sensor (either a plate or a “video” sensor) . These are linked to either a laser scanner or directly to the computer. In both cases the image is processed by the computer and displayed on the screen.

How does it benefit me?

The amount of x-ray dosage is significantly lower than traditional x-rays. Dosage reduction of up to 40 - 60% are achievable. As processing errors are reduced, repeat x-rays less likely and the quality of the x-rays are more consistent. Reduction in processing time means that we can often discuss our findings with you at your first visit.

What about children?

Because of the huge reduction in X-ray dose, we are quite happy to take x-rays for children, only when necessary.

How does it benefit the Dentist?

This clean technology makes it easier for the practice to store and retrieve the x-rays. It will also be possible to send images to other professionals over the internet should this be necessary.

More about X-Rays

Fluoride is a natural mineral compound that has been used for decades to strengthen teeth and bones. Fluoride is a cheap and efficient mineral that saves people billions of dollars every year on the cost of dental visits.

How Fluoride Works

Bacteria constantly forms on the inside of the mouth. Over time, these bacteria can gradually erode away the enamel (the outer layer) of the tooth. Once this layer is eroded, bacteria attack the soft core of the tooth, causing cavities or other serious damage to teeth and gums.

Fluoride combats this process by strengthening the enamel and helping to remineralize the tooth's surface. Once ingested into the body, fluoride travels through the blood supply, where it makes its way into the bones and teeth. Fluoride is easily absorbed into the teeth thanks to their porous outer surface. Although ingested primarily through the public water supply, fluoride also comes in the form of liquid gel or varnish that can be prescribed by a dentist.

Health Concerns

Despite ongoing debate within the medical community, nearly every major health group endorses the use of fluoride to help prevent tooth decay. In order for this to occur most effectively, the in-take of fluoride should be kept at a moderate level. When teeth are exposed to excessive amounts of fluoride, a harmless but undesirable condition known as fluorosis may occur. Fluorosis visibly discolors the enamel of the teeth, making them appear as white or brownish spots or lines on the exterior of the teeth. Younger children who are still growing are more prone to develop fluorosis than adults. Parents can protect their children from fluorosis by supervising the amount of fluoride their children take in.

What is periodontal (gum) disease?

Periodontal (gum) disease is an infection of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. It is a major cause of tooth loss in adults. Because periodontal (gum) disease is usually painless, however, you may not know you have it. Periodontal (gum) disease is caused by plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. These bacteria create toxins that can damage the gums.

In the early stage of periodontal (gum) disease, called gingivitis, the gums can become red, swollen and bleed easily. At this stage, the disease is still reversible and can usually be eliminated by daily brushing and flossing.
In the more advanced stages of periodontal (gum) disease, called periodontitis, the gums and bone that support the teeth can become seriously damaged. The teeth can become loose, fall out or have to be removed by a dentist.

What are the signs of periodontal (gum) disease?

If you notice any of the following signs of periodontal (gum) disease, see your dentist immediately:
* gums that bleed when you brush your teeth
* red, swollen or tender gums
* gums that have pulled away from the teeth
* bad breath that doesn't go away
* pus between your teeth and gums
* loose teeth
* a change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
* a change in the fit of partial dentures

Normal, healthy gums

Healthy gums and bone anchor teeth firmly in place. Periodontitis Unremoved, plaque hardens into calculus (tartar). As plaque and calculus continue to build up, the gums begin to recede (pull away) from the teeth, and pockets form between the teeth and gums. Advanced periodontitis. The gums recede farther, destroying more bone and the periodontal ligament. Teeth - even healthy teeth - may become loose and need to be extracted.

How can I prevent periodontal (gum) disease?

The good news is that you can help prevent periodontal (gum) disease by taking good care of your teeth every day and having regular dental checkups.

Here's how to keep your teeth and gums healthy:

1. Brush your teeth well twice a day: This removes the film of bacteria from the teeth. Be sure to use a soft-bristled toothbrush that is in good condition. Toothpastes and mouth rinses containing fluoride strengthen the teeth and help prevent decay. Choose products that bear the American Dental Association Seal of Acceptance, your assurance that they have met the ADA's standards for safety and effectiveness. The ADA reviews all advertising claims for any product bearing the Seal. The Seal on a product is an assurance for consumers and dentists against misleading or untrue statements concerning a product's safety and effectiveness.

2. Clean between your teeth every day. Cleaning between your teeth with floss or interdental cleaners removes bacteria and food particles from between the teeth, where a toothbrush can't reach. Early periodontal (gum) disease can often be reversed by daily brushing and flossing. If you use interdental cleaners, ask your dentist how to use them properly, to avoid injuring your gums.

3. Eat a balanced diet. Choose a variety of foods from the basic food groups, such as breads, cereals and other grain products; fruits; vegetables; meat, poultry and fish; and dairy products, such as milk, cheese and yogurt. Limit between-meal snacks.

4. Visit your dentist regularly. It is important to have regular dental checkups, and professional cleaning is essential to prevent periodontal diseases.
Information provided by the American Dental Association.

What effects can smoking have on my oral health?

* Use of any tobacco product can increase your risk of developing oral cancer and gum disease (periodontal disease).

* Tobacco products damage your gum tissue by affecting the attachment of bone and soft tissue to your teeth. An example of the effect is receding gums. A receding gum line exposes the tooth roots and increases your risk of developing a sensitivity to hot and cold, or tooth decay in these unprotected areas.

* Smoking can delay healing after a tooth extraction or other oral surgery.

* Smoking also can contribute to bad breath, stains on your teeth and tongue, and a build-up of tartar on your teeth.

Are smokeless tobacco products safe?

Like cigars and cigarettes, smokeless tobacco products contain a variety of toxins associated with cancer. At least 28 cancer-causing chemicals have been identified in smokeless tobacco products.

Smokeless tobacco can irritate your gum tissue, causing it to recede or pull away from your teeth. Once this gum tissue recedes, the roots of your teeth are exposed, increasing your risk for tooth decay. The roots of your teeth also may become sensitive to hot and cold or other irritants, which means you could experience some discomfort when eating or drinking.
Sugars, often added to enhance the flavor of smokeless tobacco, can increase your risk for tooth decay. Smokeless tobacco also typically contains sand and grit, which can wear down your teeth.

What are some signs of oral cancer?

Signs and symptoms that could indicate oral cancer include:

* Any sign of irritation, like tenderness, burning or a sore that will not heal

* Pain, tenderness or numbness anywhere in the mouth or lips

* Development of a lump, or a leathery, wrinkled or bumpy patch inside your mouth

* Color changes to your oral soft tissues (gray, red or white spots or patches), rather than a healthy pink color

* Difficulty chewing, swallowing, speaking, or moving the jaw or tongue

* Any change in the way your teeth fit together

See your dentist or physician immediately if you notice any of these changes.

Resources to Help you Quit

The Oregon Tobacco Quit Line – Toll Free 1-877 270-STOP

What is the Oregon Tobacco Quit Line?

The Quit Line offers you free quitting information, one-on-one telephone counseling, and referrals either for you or for a loved one. The Quit Line is offered by the Oregon Health Division.

How Telephone Counseling Works

You talk to a counselor when it’s convenient for you. You get the individual support you need – whether you have questions or concerns about quitting, or need help to plan for your quit attempt, or want to know how to support someone who is trying to quit. Whatever it is you need, the Quit Line counselor is there for you.

What the Quit Line can do

If you’re ready to quit, you can get a customized quitting plan, which includes a counseling session and quit kit. If you’re not quit ready to quit, Quit Line staff can help you figure out what next steps you need to take and can send you the right information. You will also get names of resources in your community, such as classes, to contact. If you’ve already quit, but need some help to stay quit, Quit Line counselors can help you too. If a friend or family member smokes, and you’d like some information for them or you, we can send you printed materials and names of resources.

Toll Free Quit Line Phone
877-270-7867
877-270-STOP
Toll-Free Spanish Line

877-266-3863
877-2NO FUME
Toll-Free TTY Number

877-777-6534
The Tobacco Prevention and Education Program is funded by Tobacco taxes.

Forty-five percent of normal adults snore at least occasionally, and 25 percent are habitual snorers. Problem snoring is more frequent in males and overweight persons, and it usually grows worse with age.

More than 300 devices are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office as cures for snoring. Some are variations on the old idea of sewing a sock that holds a tennis ball on the pyjama back to force the snorer to sleep on his side. (Snoring is often worse when a person sleeps on his back).

Some devices reposition the lower jaw forward; some open nasal air passages; a few others have been designed to condition a person not to snore by producing unpleasant stimuli when snoring occurs. But, if you snore, the truth is that it is not under your control whatsoever. If anti-snoring devices work, it is probably because they keep you awake.
What Causes Snoring?

The noisy sounds of snoring occur when there is an obstruction to the free flow of air through the passages at the back of the mouth and nose. This area is the collapsible part of the airway (see illustration) where the tongue and upper throat meet the soft palate and uvula. Snoring occurs when these structures strike each other and vibrate during breathing.

People who snore may suffer from:

* Poor muscle tone in the tongue and throat. When muscles are too relaxed, either from alcohol or drugs that cause sleepiness, the tongue falls backwards into the airway or the throat muscles draw in from the sides into the airway. This can also happen during deep sleep.

* Excessive bulkiness of throat tissue. Children with large tonsils and adenoids often snore. Overweight people have bulky neck tissue, too. Cysts or tumours can also cause bulk, but they are rare.

* Long soft palate and/or uvula. A long palate narrows the opening from the nose into the throat. As it dangles, it acts as a noisy flutter valve during relaxed breathing. A long uvula makes matters even worse.

* Obstructed nasal airways. A stuffy or blocked nose requires extra effort to pull air through it. This creates an exaggerated vacuum in the throat, and pulls together the floppy tissues of the throat, and snoring results. So, snoring often occurs only during the hay fever season or with a cold or sinus infection. Also, deformities of the nose or nasal septum, such as a deviated septum (a deformity of the wall that separates one nostril from the other) can cause such an obstruction.

Is Snoring Serious?

Socially, yes! It can be, when it makes the snorer an object of ridicule and causes others sleepless nights and resentfulness.

Medically, yes! It disturbs sleeping patterns and deprives the snorer of appropriate rest. When snoring is severe, it can cause serious, long-term health problems, including obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea
When loud snoring is interrupted by frequent episodes of totally obstructed breathing, it is known as obstructive sleep apnea. Serious episodes last more than ten seconds each and occur more than seven times per hour. apnea patients may experience 30 to 300 such events per night. These episodes can reduce blood oxygen levels, causing the heart to pump harder.

The immediate effect of sleep apnea is that the snorer must sleep lightly and keep his muscles tense in order to keep airflow to the lungs. Because the snorer does not get a good rest, he may be sleepy during the day, which impairs job performance and makes him a hazardous driver or equipment operator. After many years with this disorder, elevated blood pressure and heart enlargement may occur.

Can Heavy Snoring be cured?

Heavy snorers, those who snore in any position or are disruptive to the family, should seek medical advice to ensure that sleep apnea is not a problem. An otolaryngologist will provide a thorough examination of the nose, mouth, throat, palate, and neck. A sleep study in a laboratory environment may be necessary to determine how serious the snoring is and what effects it has on the snorer's health.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the diagnosis. An examination will reveal if nasal allergy, infection, deformity, or tonsils and adenoids cause the snoring.
Snoring or obstructive sleep apnea may respond to various treatments now offered by many otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons:

* Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is surgery for treating obstructive sleep apnea. It tightens flabby tissues in the throat and palate, and expands air passages.

* Thermal Ablation Palatoplasty (TAP) refers to procedures and techniques that treat snoring and some of them also are used to treat various severities of obstructive sleep apnea. Different types of TAP include bipolar cautery, laser, and radio frequency. Laser Assisted Uvula Palatoplasty (LAUP) treats snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnea by removing the obstruction in the airway. A laser is used to vaporize the uvula and a specified portion of the palate in a series of small procedures in a doctor's office under local anaesthesia. Radio frequency ablation—some with temperature control approved by the FDA—utilizes a needle electrode to emit energy to shrink excess tissue to the upper airway including the palate and uvula (for snoring), base of the tongue (for obstructive sleep apnea), and nasal turbinate (for chronic nasal obstruction).

* Genioglossus and hyoid advancement is a surgical procedure for the treatment of sleep apnea. It prevents collapse of the lower throat and pulls the tongue muscles forward, thereby opening the obstructed airway.

If surgery is too risky or unwanted, the patient may sleep every night with a nasal mask that delivers air pressure into the throat; this is called continuous positive airway pressure or "CPAP".
A chronically snoring child should be examined for problems with his or her tonsils and adenoids. A tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy may be required to return the child to full health.

Self-Help for the Light Snorer

Adults who suffer from mild or occasional snoring should try the following self-help remedies:

* Adopt a healthy and athletic lifestyle to develop good muscle tone and lose weight.
* Avoid tranquillisers, sleeping pills, and antihistamines before bedtime.
* Avoid alcohol for at least four hours and heavy meals or snacks for three hours before retiring.
* Establish regular sleeping patterns
* Sleep on your side rather than your back.
* Tilt the head of your bed upwards four inches.

Remember, snoring means obstructed breathing, and obstruction can be serious. It's not funny, and not hopeless.